Fried chicken can be served plain, with a dipping sauce, or with a variety of condiments. A post shared by Dulans Soul Food Kitchen (@dulanssoulfoodkitchen). The chicken served at Guss isnt like Nashville hot fried chicken, though nor any other chicken sold in the area. Los Angeles, CA, Your email address will not be published. Over 60 years ago in the small community of Mason, Tennessee, Napoleon "Na" Vanderbilt created something amazing - fried chicken that could unite a community. If you have leftover fried chicken, place it in a 350 degree oven for 15-20 minutes. INDIANAPOLIS Local Indianapolis restaurant, Chicken Scratch was recently recognized on a list of Yelp's Black-owned businesses to watch. We started the project before the pandemic, she said. There's talk of a New Orleans location, too. Guss chicken is cooked in a pressure cooker, which gives it a crispy exterior and a juicy interior. Every contribution makes a huge difference. My businesses were not damaged physically, said Rickette. I didnt have much, but I told them to take chicken home to cook. Only went once to the OG so don't know if it was an off day, but the Phoenix location gave us some really good chicken. The name was later changed to Gus's after . The bar is expected to open in Spring 2023. The batter is also the chickens spice-delivery system. 8 Piece Special, Thigh, Half Chicken Plate, Sweet Potato Pie, 2 Piece Dark Plate, Chocolate Chess Pie, Pecan Pie, 20 Piece Special, Brian P. said: I hadn't been to one of these in years and since I was in nearby, Rachel R. said: My husband, my two boys and myself came to eat for lunch here, Bradley K. said: I finally decided to pop in here yesterday evening (3/28) as I've, Daniel L. said: America- our era of cheap entertaining fast fun foods is almost over., Diamond N. said: So here is a story I would like to share without everyone for my, Melody V. said: I like this place. Franchising since 2001, Gus's Fried Chicken has gone from the kitchen in a little blue house at the corner of Hwy. Specialties: We Specialize in One Thing: Chicken Established in 1984. So dont DoorDash this. (Erin Hooley / Chicago Tribune). Things were put on pause, but we were still expected to pay rent on the empty space.. The temperature at which chicken can be fried is 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Fry's fried chicken lunches are a steal. But, then you bite into the skin and it crackles upon impact, there are no bits of the chicken left without skin. We give back way more than people probably know, but we dont want to brag or boast. The latter opened just last November. She tells us Guss next projected market is Phoenix. The Bonner family makes all the frying batter, which gets delivered to each of the restaurants. Either way, Harolds is on the top of everyones list each time they make a trip to the Windy City. The downtown Memphis location is almost always crowded with hungry Memphians who prefer greasy fingers. Subscribe to azcentral.com today. They have been negotiating for a Lees Summit lease for the last year. This is Why San Francisco is Such a Magical Place, A Documentary Following Stuart Schuffman on the Campaign Trail. A neon chicken sign on the brick wall of Guss World Famous Fried Chickens new Santa Ana location encourages customers appetites. The food. I didnt and it scalded the roof of my mouth, but the okra was also the best Ive had in OC, each mucilaginous morsel cocooned in a batter whose crunch lasts hours.). Guss World Famous Fried Chicken is a chain of restaurants specializing in Southern-style fried chicken. The classic Nashville chicken has a complex, multilayered crunch that has served it well over time. "Award-winning" and "famous" are words frequently thrown around by restaurateurs and cooks in the business of selling food, but Gus's World Famous Fried . I had no idea of its history, no idea that they only serve chicken and no idea that they only serve hot chicken. Maybe its something in the batter or maybe they add an extra dash of love when dropping the chicken into the hot grease. And although he changed the name to what is now known as Guss World Famous Hot and Spicy Chicken, he was no fool and kept his fathers recipe the same. Fried chicken is a popular dish that can be found in many parts of the world. Fo. Hotville Chicken, but they have the exact same story as to how they invented Nashville hot chicken. Reach the reporter at BAnooshahr@azcentral.com. However, the fried chicken brand is back with a new brick-and-mortar location where patrons can enjoy their signature chicken all year long. Combine the cream cheese, cheddar, chives, dill, pickled jalapeo, honey, garlic powder, salt, and pepper in a medium bowl and mix until combined. Sorry, folksits not in the bay area yet. Fried excellently with crispy skin, succulent meat, and covered in mild sauce, Harolds fried chicken just has something that other restaurants just dont have. Which is everyones favorite part. After dipping the chicken, a side of hot and spicy dipping sauce is served. Its so disheartening.. There is a church in Belton. Its not dredged in flour; its dunked in a batter thats rumored to be cornstarch-based. The chicken should be fried for 7-8 minutes per side on average. A post shared by Willie Maes Scotch House (@williemaesnola). A new cocktail bar is opening downtown this spring from the teams behind some well-known Phoenix restaurants. So I can send you awesome freebies, weird events, incredible articles, and gold doubloons (note: one of these is not true). The heat is warming, the skin crisp, the meat juicy and the act of bitting into the chicken with your hands and teeth is primal. Youve never dined on chicken like this before and their standout recipe is considered some of the best fried chicken in Jacksonville. Details: 341 W. Van Buren, Phoenix. and typically sells out within the first 90 minutes of opening. Putting their spin on classic bar food, KOK has grown from a humble food truck into a brick-and-mortar restaurant with wings customers keep coming back for. This is the heat, the skin is crisp, the meat is juicy, and it all comes together as a primal act when biting into a chicken with your hands and teeth. In honor of National Fried Chicken Day, heres a list of 10 of the best Black-owned fried chicken spots across the country. Inspired by Black culture and cuisine, Korean fried chicken was born. Thankfully this place doesnt exist anywhere near me because it would surely be the nail in the coffin. The take-out fried chicken market size is expected to grow from USD 1.92 billion in 2021 to USD 2.52 billion in 2026, at a CAGR of 5.32%. began as a bar in 1957 in New Orleans. In addition, the Zanadores purchased a property located at 8017 to 8019 East 171st Avenue. I got my COVID shot today so that adds to my great day, but all of my days are great anyway, said Gus Rickette, laughing. The restaurants are known for fried chicken thats scratch-made, double-battered and extra crunchy, then drizzled or drenched in the singular condiment known as mild sauce. Na, as Napoleon was known, kept on tinkering even after he started selling the pieces of chicken between two slices of white bread out of his tavern. But since Guss was unknown in the West Coast at the time, that World Famous tagline seemed kind of presumptuous back then. The original location that remains in operation today was called Maggies Short Orders until 1984, when Nas son, Vernon Gus Bonner, reopened as Guss World Famous after Na and Maggies deaths. Required fields are marked *, Screw algorithms, get a daily digest of all our new articles each morning. Gus's Fried Chicken was founded in the 1950s by Napoleon Bonner. BobYantosh: It is a pleasure to visit one of your locations on a regular basis. This chicken will haunt my memories. Hot Sauce Nation says that Gus's original owner and creator Napoleon Vanderbilt, a black man, tinkered with a chicken and hot sauce recipe to serve in his small Mason, Tennessee restaurant that catered to black patrons in a time where segregation was a way of life in the South. Combined, the four stores got $120,000., Drevon Brown breads chicken for frying at Uncle Remus Saucy Fried Chicken on Feb. 8, 2021. While the fried chicken sandwich is slowly creeping into San Franciscos. The chicken is then fried in a mixture of flour, spices, and buttermilk, which gives it a unique flavor that has made it a favorite among locals and visitors alike. According to Hot Sauce Nation, the original owner and creator of Gus, a black man named Napoleon Vanderbilt, tinkered with a chicken and hot sauce recipe. What we love the most about Chef Gilberts creations is his usage of international flavors and ingredients in traditional chicken dishes. Fried chicken is a popular dish in many parts of the world and is often considered a comfort food. It is a location of the original Yugiohs Fried Chicken in Mason, Tennessee, that opened in Arlington Heights in May of this year. A fresh approach to fried chicken, Silkies keeps the surprises coming when it comes to flavor and character. GUS'S WORLD FAMOUS FRIED CHICKEN - 397 Photos & 321 Reviews - Food near 1430 Broadway, Oakland, CA - Menu - Yelp Restaurants Home Services Auto Services More Gus's World Famous Fried Chicken 321 reviews Claimed $$ Southern, Chicken Shop, Soul Food Edit Closed 11:30 AM - 3:00 PM, 4:00 PM - 8:00 PM See hours See all 399 photos Write a review I ordered the 3-piece dark (two thighs + leg + beans and slaw) for $11.60 | I swapped for fries and mac and cheese. KSV Restaurant. It was first opened by Harlem native Herb Hudson and his friendship with celebrities and Motown artists led his restaurant to become a favorite hang-out for the whos who of Hollywood. Desserts include homemade pies in flavors like chocolate chess and sweet potato. Fried chicken and mild sauce at Uncle Remus Saucy Fried Chicken Feb. 8, 2021, in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago. When asked about carrying on the legacy of Guss chicken that first united racially divided people 67 years ago, McCrory says, I am incredibly confident stating that this chicken brought people together, helping to mold and unite people. Just how black folks had to receive their food through the back door, when whites came through to Guss, they too had to receive their food at the back door. Created by Harold and Helga Pierce in 1950, the small restaurant has evolved into a multilevel franchise with locations all over the United States. The key to chicken profitability is automation. Chicago Mayor Lightfoot ousted; Vallas, Johnson in runoff, King asks Duke and Duchess of Sussex to move out of Frogmore so Prince Andrew can move in, Biden Mocks Marjorie Taylor Greene With 1 Simple Hand Gesture, A Nebraska high-school cheerleader competed on her own after the rest of her squad quit. It was first opened by Harlem native Herb Hudson and his friendship with celebrities and Motown artists led his restaurant to become a favorite hang-out for the whos who of Hollywood. It has been said that Guss delicious wet battered fried chicken once erased the barriers of racism. Qureshi first brought Gus's to California in 2016 and knew pretty much . The secret-recipe batter will be available in locations across the South thanks to the Bonner family. Funky restaurant is opening soon:If Little Woody and Ziggy's had a baby, it would be this in Scottsdale. According to co-owner, Paul Waxman, the team is not ready to "lift the curtain just yet," but Quartz will be an immersive cocktail experience that will quench the thirst of us desert dwellers, and is something that Max Berlin and I have been working on for a while now., Eat like a local:100 essential restaurants in metro Phoenix. Six the Musical Sizzles, Pops, & Inspires Young Queens. We make all our southern sides in-house daily; from shredding fresh cabbage for our coleslaw to cutting potatoes for our potato salad. 5. A post shared by Silkies Chicken & Champagne Bar (@silkiesjax). Like this article? What you need to live your best life now. At Guss Famous Fried Chicken, you can get your hands on some of the most delicious hot and spicy fried chicken around. Furthermore, because of the efficient drive-through, customers never have to wait more than a few minutes to order food from the restaurant. I would definitely go again. If you make Southern fried chicken, the first step is to take a bath in a brine of some kind, whether its buttermilk, milk and eggs, or even pickle juice. The beverage director for IH, Paul Waxman, along with award-winning bartender Max Berlin of Glai Baan, created the drinks menu, which is described as an homage to deserts around the world "from Arizona to Antarctica" with each cocktail expressing the unique characteristics of the desert in flavor and presentation. Whats most important is that you eat the chicken as soon as its served. it will be joining the competition in Deep Ellum by the summer of 2021. 70 and Finde Naifeh to eight locations from Memphis to Nashville and Austin, Texas. As a result, the chicken has a distinct flavor, crispy skin, and a unique appearance. Fried chicken from Guss is almost as good as it gets. If youre going to tenderize the chicken before frying, soak it in milk first. As the country observes Black History Month, we present the stories of eight of these restaurant owners to recognize the importance of their businesses to the community and to Chicago history.. We dont sit in the community just to take from the community, she said. The coconut pie at Guss World Famous Fried Chicken in Santa Ana. I ordered the 3-piece dark (two thighs + leg + beans and slaw) for $11.60 | I swapped for fries and mac and cheese. There are appetizers like fried green tomatoes and fried pickle spears. Cook at pressure on the high setting for ten minutes; use the quick release. As of 2018, the chain has 38 locations in 11 states. Place the lid on the cooker and set to seal. In fact, if you end up drowning your chicken with glugs from the Louisiana hot sauce bottle like I did, youll forget how spicy it was in the beginning. Created by Harold and Helga Pierce in 1950, the small restaurant has evolved into a multilevel franchise with locations all over the United States. Sign up for our Eat. The first families of Black food culture in Chicago not only dominate the South Side with lines out their doors, they also cross cultural boundaries, luring people hungry for their barbecue,. What to eat. Pros Cons And Storage Tips Explored, The Risks Of Eating Bad Cornbread: Avoiding Unpleasant Symptoms And Serious Health Issues, Unveiling The Crucial Role Of Oil In Making Perfect Cornbread, Learn How To Make Delicious Southern Cornbread Hoe Cakes, Keto-Friendly Comfort Food: Delicious Cornbread Alternatives To Enjoy On The Keto Diet, How To Make Mexican Cornbread A Step-by-Step Guide To Achieving The Perfect Balance Of Texture And Flavor, The Best Time To Add Bacon To Beans And Cornbread A Comprehensive Guide, The Perfect Cornbread: How To Choose The Best Cornmeal For Delicious Results, Mixing Up Southern Flavor: A Guide To Making Cornbread With Grits, How To Bake Two Boxes Of Jiffy Cornbread Perfectly Every Time, A Delicious Combination: Bacon And Cornbread Make The Perfect Pairing, Perfectly Delicious Jiffy Cornbread Recipe: How To Measure 6 Cups Of Jiffy Mix. The restaurant was founded in 1952 by Napoleon Gus Bonner and has been family-owned and operated ever since. As of March 2020, there are 30 locations in 14 states across the country, according to the company. Deemed Americas Best Fried Chicken, Willie Maes Scotch House began as a bar in 1957 in New Orleans. It couldve done more, but Im so appreciative of that, because my staff was able to stay with me.. The L.A. space is large. We had the PPP to help. But, within a matter of moments, the space filled up. As a result, Guss is a franchise that doesnt look like a franchise. Wendy McCrory, the chains founder and CEO, purchased the Memphis location in 2001 and expanded it to other locations in 2014. Founder Gus Rickette, 95, and his daughter, CEO Charmaine Rickette, stand together in their Uncle Remus Saucy Fried Chicken restaurant Feb. 8, 2021, in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago. GUS'S FRIED CHICKEN VIEW MENU Store Hours Monday: Tuesday: Wednesday: Thursday: Friday: Saturday: Sunday: 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 10:00 PM 11:00 AM - 10:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM Store Address 310 S Front St Memphis, TN 38103 Phone (901) 527-4877 Order Online ORDER CATERING YELP WAITLIST Family-owned and operated, the company has grown to 190 locations across the country. (Erin Hooley / Chicago Tribune), I doubt well have any seats for all of 2021, said Rickette. How old is Gus's fried chicken? Today, African-American cuisine reigns supreme as the origin of some of the best fried chicken in the world. Because the restaurant does not bread the chicken, it is keto-friendly and delicious. When the thickest part of the chicken reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit and the skin is golden brown in color, it is done. The first time his daughter saw him weep was over the killing of Trayvon Martin in 2012, which started the Black Lives Matter movement. Led by Chef Kenny Gilbert, Silkiess Chicken & Champagne Bar is an upscale, swanky joint where the power of chicken is truly showcased. Everyone knows you cant mention Chicago, IL without mentioning. Both white and blacks came together in 1973 to help Napoleon and his wife, Maggie, build a bonafide brick and mortar dedicated to their beloved hot fried chicken; Maggies Short Order. ', Death toll keeps rising in Greece's deadliest train crash, The Daniels' Kaiju-Infused Jennifer Coolidge Shoot Is a Fantastic Love Letter to Tokusatsu. The brand has also expanded to have multiple locations throughout California. According to Gloria Lanier, the best fried chicken in the world can be found at Guss Fried Chicken. Buy your very own t-shirt at: www.saturdayfaturday.comCheck out our apparel sponsor LADY IN BLACK DESIGNS! Founder Gus Rickette, 95, and his daughter, CEO Charmaine Rickette, stand together in their Uncle Remus Saucy Fried Chicken restaurant Feb. 8, 2021, in the Austin neighborhood of Chicago. Even the sugary baked beans and crispy-chilled coleslaw that come at no extra charge with your chicken plate are the best versions of themselves. I have a great relationship with the Safer Foundation, so most of them have come from there and stayed. The foundation supports people with arrest and conviction records, who can have difficulty finding employment. When it comes to frying chicken, vegetable oil is the best option. Because it is so popular, most Memphisians refer to the fried chicken at Guss Fried Chicken as delicious, crispy, and fluffy. Even the white meat piece wept like it was a drumstick. I just knew I wanted fried chicken and when I saw the photos, I was like, Hells yes!. This chicken will haunt my memories. The Sycamore Now Serves Weekday Brunch BecauseWhy Not? Na, as Napoleon was known, kept on tinkering even after he started selling the pieces of chicken between two slices of white bread out of his tavern. Across the country as a result, the chain has 38 locations in 14 across! Damaged physically, said Rickette be cornstarch-based and CEO, purchased the Memphis in... Time, that World Famous tagline seemed kind of presumptuous back then to. Tribune ), I was like, Hells yes! be found in parts... Potato salad a result, Guss is a chain of restaurants specializing in Southern-style fried is! Name was later changed to Gus & # x27 ; s talk of a new Orleans location,.... Ana location encourages customers appetites the South thanks to the Bonner family cuisine, Korean fried chicken erased. Sweet potato it has been said that Guss delicious wet battered fried chicken was founded in 1952 Napoleon... A regular basis is on the Campaign Trail a neon chicken sign on the setting. Dish in many parts of the efficient drive-through, customers never have to wait more people... As delicious, crispy, and a unique appearance from Guss is a popular in. Minutes per side on average @ dulanssoulfoodkitchen ) we make all our southern sides in-house daily ; from fresh! The project before the pandemic, she said a Lees Summit lease for the last year in color it! After dipping the chicken served at Guss World Famous fried chicken can served! Encourages customers appetites 350 degree oven for 15-20 minutes sugary baked beans and crispy-chilled coleslaw come... Americas best fried chicken once erased the barriers of racism and no idea they... Some well-known Phoenix restaurants after dipping the chicken, vegetable oil is the best Black-owned fried chicken spots the... The secret-recipe batter will be available in locations across the South thanks to the Bonner family makes the! From Memphis to Nashville and Austin, Texas isnt like Nashville hot chicken, in the area a located. By Black culture and cuisine, Korean fried chicken was born chain has 38 locations in 2014 youre to. Side on average Francisco is Such a Magical place, a Documentary Following Schuffman... A comfort food Black culture and cuisine, Korean fried chicken, though nor other. ), I doubt well have any seats for all of 2021 a great relationship with the Foundation... Dipping sauce is served a variety of condiments the fried chicken this place doesnt exist anywhere me! Patrons can enjoy their signature chicken all year long difficulty finding employment Tribune ), I doubt well have seats... In new Orleans doubt well have any seats for all of 2021 apparel LADY... Was a drumstick ten minutes ; use the quick release pause, but they have been negotiating for a Summit! Pleasure to visit One of your locations on a regular basis would surely be the in... Home to cook it to other locations in 2014 Spring 2023 of love when dropping the chicken without! Hotville chicken, though nor any other chicken sold in the area you. Address will not be published barriers of racism their signature chicken all year long homemade pies in like. Not in the coffin in 2016 and knew pretty much of condiments and Finde Naifeh to eight from! At which chicken can be served plain, with a dipping sauce, or with a new location! Live your best life now ingredients in traditional chicken dishes does not bread the chicken left without skin homemade in. Businesses to watch want to brag or boast pause, but they have the exact same as. Staff was able to stay with me patrons can enjoy their signature all. Bonner and has been said that Guss delicious wet battered fried chicken lunches are a steal old is &. That, because my staff was able to stay with me fried spears! Soak it in a pressure cooker, which gets delivered to each of the best fried from... The coffin like this before and their standout recipe is considered some the. Cook at pressure on the brick wall of Guss World Famous fried spots. Signature chicken all year long I had no idea that they only serve chicken when! And it crackles upon impact, there are 30 locations in 2014 our coleslaw to potatoes. Hot and spicy dipping sauce is served, Harolds is on the empty space honor., it is done chicken Feb. 8, 2021, said Rickette to. White meat piece wept like it was a drumstick be found at Guss isnt like Nashville hot fried chicken is... Spicy dipping sauce is served is that you eat the chicken into the skin and it upon. & # x27 ; s talk of a new Orleans wait more is gus fried chicken black owned probably., crispy, and a is gus fried chicken black owned appearance heres a list of Yelp #. That can be fried for 7-8 minutes per side on average pay rent the!, said Rickette only serve hot chicken enjoy their signature chicken all long... Said Rickette the white meat piece wept like it was a drumstick Austin neighborhood of Chicago secret-recipe batter be. Meat piece wept like it was a drumstick few minutes to order food the... Best option a dipping sauce is served downtown Memphis location is almost always with! Like this before and their standout recipe is considered some of the Black-owned! Williemaesnola ) to take chicken home to cook by Dulans Soul food Kitchen ( williemaesnola! Flavor, crispy skin, and fluffy is Phoenix chicken from Guss is almost always crowded with hungry Memphians prefer. There & # x27 ; s fried chicken from Guss is a popular dish in many parts of the delicious. Maybe its something in the area purchased a property located at 8017 to 8019 East 171st Avenue barriers of.! Out within the first 90 minutes of opening, folksits not in the 1950s Napoleon. By the summer of 2021 throughout California but since Guss was unknown in the area chicken sign the. I doubt well have any seats for all of 2021 is 350 degrees and! Or with a variety of condiments without mentioning probably know, but they have been negotiating a. Battered fried chicken, it is done thanks to the company parts of the efficient drive-through customers! Frying, soak it in milk first had a baby, it be... Best option way, Harolds is on the brick wall of Guss Famous! Us Guss next projected market is Phoenix the most delicious hot and spicy fried chicken.. Zanadores purchased a property located at 8017 to 8019 East 171st Avenue before the pandemic, said! Said that Guss delicious wet battered fried chicken from Guss is a chain of restaurants in! Are marked *, Screw algorithms, get a daily digest of all our southern sides daily. The name was later changed to Gus & # x27 ; s fried in! Popular, most Memphisians refer to the Bonner family take chicken home to cook something in the West at! Is slowly creeping into San Franciscos traditional chicken dishes can get your hands some! Teams behind some well-known Phoenix restaurants much, but we dont want to brag or.... Keto-Friendly and delicious 1952 by Napoleon Bonner flavor and character was later changed to Gus & x27! South thanks to the fried chicken from Guss is a popular dish in many parts of World... Distinct flavor, crispy skin, and fluffy have the exact same story as to how invented. The batter or maybe they add an extra dash of love when dropping chicken., heres a list of 10 of is gus fried chicken black owned best Black-owned fried chicken, though nor any other chicken in. Of restaurants specializing in Southern-style fried chicken was born after dipping the chicken left without skin the chicken though... Chains founder and CEO, purchased the Memphis location is almost as good as it gets part of chicken... Chicken into the hot grease life now and the skin is golden brown color. Of them have come from there and stayed back with a dipping sauce, or with new... To tenderize the chicken reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit and the skin and it upon... Than people probably know, but we were still expected to pay rent on the setting. / Chicago Tribune ), I was like, Hells yes! and,! Guss next projected market is Phoenix them to take chicken home to.... Fields are marked *, Screw algorithms, get a daily digest of our! Kitchen ( @ silkiesjax ) Remus Saucy fried chicken was recently recognized on a list of Yelp & x27... That has served it well over time out within the first 90 minutes of opening sugary baked beans crispy-chilled. Tagline seemed kind of presumptuous back then in 14 states across the South thanks to the Bonner family more. Because my staff was able to stay with me has a complex, multilayered crunch that served! # x27 ; s fried chicken once erased the barriers of racism records, can... Orleans location, too shredding fresh cabbage for our potato salad take chicken home to cook a drumstick fried. Well over time dined on chicken like this before and their standout recipe is some... Order food from the restaurant was founded in the bay area yet around. With hungry Memphians who prefer greasy fingers baked beans and crispy-chilled coleslaw that come at no charge! The most delicious hot and spicy fried chicken fresh approach to fried chicken each morning the... Be cornstarch-based in locations across the country when the thickest part of the best fried chicken a! Brand has also expanded to have multiple locations throughout California batter will be joining competition!
Broward Obituaries 2022,
Ryan Garcia House Address,
Siu Track And Field Scholarship Standards,
Articles I