Himalayan Journals: notes of a naturalist in Bengal, the Sikkim and Nepal Himalayas, the Khasia mountains etc. [121], According to the 2011 census, 57.8% follow Hinduism, making it the state's majority religion. Sikkim is one of the world’s principal producers of cardamom. In 1973, anti-royalist riots took place in front of the Chogyal's palace. Noble orchid (top) is Sikkim's state flower. Satellite television channels through dish antennae are available in most homes in the state. Owing to its altitudinal gradation, the state has a wide variety of plants, from tropical species to temperate, alpine and tundra ones, and is perhaps one of the few regions to exhibit such a diversity within such a small area. [7] Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok. This page was last edited on 2 February 2021, at 09:49. A fifth-generation descendant of Khye Bumsa, Phuntsog Namgyal, became the founder of Sikkim's monarchy in 1642, when he was consecrated as the first Chogyal, or priest-king, of Sikkim by the three venerated lamas at Yuksom. The original inhabitants of the area were the Lepcha, but after the 17th century the Rajas of Tibet ruled Sikkim. [34], Prior to Indian independence, Jawaharlal Nehru, as the Vice President of the Executive Council, pushed through a resolution in the Indian Constituent Assembly to the effect that Sikkim and Bhutan, as Himalayan states, were not 'Indian states' and their future should be negotiated separately. The Singalila Range separates Sikkim from Nepal in the west, while the Dongkya Range forms the border with the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the east. This article is a summary of the authors’ report on the Sikkim Anti-Drugs Act, 2006, and was first published by the Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy. [citation needed]. In 1975, Sikkim officially became the 22nd state of India, under the rule of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. How much do you know about India’s geography? Sikkim came under the suzerainty of India, which controlled its external affairs, defence, diplomacy and communications. [47] The pass, which had previously been closed since the 1962 Sino-Indian War, was an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the south. A small fraction of Sikkim’s people belong to the Scheduled Castes (an official term designating those peoples who traditionally have occupied a low position within the Indian caste system). Sikkim state - Basic overview, mountain peaks, rivers, lakes, national parks, biosphere reserves etc Summary of Indian States for UPSC Aspirants 29 lessons • 2h 30m It was ruled by Buddhist priest-kings known as the Chogyal. Sikkim, being a region of the Eastern Himalaya, is famous for its biodiversity, dual climates, and a window to Kanchenjunga mountain. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. However, ties between Sikkim and the British weakened when the latter began taxation of the Morang region. Migrant resident communities include Bengalis, Biharis and Marwaris, who are prominent in commerce in South Sikkim and Gangtok. Many areas are restricted to foreigners, and official permits are needed to visit them. The state government has promoted biogas and solar power for cooking, but these have received a poor response and are used mostly for lighting purposes. Christians in Sikkim are mostly descendants of Lepchas who were converted by British missionaries in the late 19th century, and constitute around 10 percent of the population. … Nepali-language newspapers, as well as some English newspapers, are locally printed, whereas Hindi and English newspapers are printed in Siliguri. Almost 35% of the state is covered by the Khangchendzonga National Park – a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [1] Sikkim is also one of the least densely populated Indian states, with only 86 persons per square kilometre. [75], Orchids, figs, laurel, bananas, sal trees and bamboo grow in the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests of the lower altitudes of Sikkim. [10][11], Sikkim accounts for the largest share of cardamom production in India, and is the world's second largest producer of the spice after Guatemala. The terms of the treaty also included increased popular participation in government, and five general elections based on adult suffrage were held between 1952 and 1974. Alpine-type vegetation is typically found between an altitude of 3,500 to 5,000 metres (11,500 to 16,400 ft). The palace attempted to defuse the movement by appointing three secretaries from the SSC to the government and sponsoring a counter-movement in the name of Sikkim National Party, which opposed accession to India. Sikkim also shares a close border with Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh. The hydroelectric potential of Sikkim’s Tista River system is considerable. It also runs a host of distance education programs in diverse fields.[152]. National Highway 10 (NH 10; formerly NH 31A) links Siliguri to Gangtok. [37], Meanwhile, Indian independence and its move to democracy spurred a fledgling political movement in Sikkim, giving rise to the formation of Sikkim State Congress (SSC), a pro-accession political party. But however they were soon overtaken by the groups of people who were mainly from the neighboring country namely the Lepcha who belonged to the clan of Nagas. COVID-19 Travel Updates | For Inquiry: +91 98250 81806 | Hotel Support: +91 9712965127 | Flight Support: +91 9377224505 [105] The railway line up to Rangpo is expected to be completed in 2021. [79] These include the endangered Kaiser-i-hind, the Yellow Gorgon and the Bhutan Glory. Diverse flora and fauna, bounties of nature, the snow-capped mountains and at the same time fast-paced development of the state leave people in awe. This is a preview of subscription content, log in … [94][95] It has been constructed by the Airports Authority of India on 200 acres of land. Diarrheal diseases (including cholera), respiratory infections of various sorts, hepatitis, and family-planning issues remain among Sikkim’s principal health concerns. In 1950 the Indo-Sikkimese Treaty made Sikkim an Indian protectorate, with India assuming responsibility for the external relations, defense, and strategic communications of Sikkim. [141] Furthermore, the state receives regional editions of national English newspapers such as The Statesman, The Telegraph, The Hindu and The Times of India. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The Bhutia began entering the area from Tibet in the 14th century. Sikkim History & Culture - Know about Sikkim's history, culture, people, tradition, food, climate, language and more. [48] More than 60 people died in Sikkim alone, and the city of Gangtok suffered significant damage.[49]. Sikkim was a fairy tale land ruled by its Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal and Gyalmo Hope Cook. [132], Sikkimese Muslims celebrate Eid ul-Fitr and Muharram. Sikkim State in n India, bounded by Tibet, China (n and ne), Bhutan (se), India (s), and Nepal (w); the capital is Gangtok (1991 pop. Recently, Government of Sikkim has approved the open school board named Board of Open Schooling and Skill Education,[148] BOSSE to provide Secondary Education, Senior Secondary as well as Skill & Vocational Education upto pre-degree level and to provide opportunity to continue education to such students who have missed the opportunity of school education. 25,024).The terrain is generally mountainous, rising to Mount Kanchenjunga, at 8591m (28,185ft), the world's third-highest peak. [13][14][15][12], In recent years, the government of Sikkim has extensively promoted tourism. [47], On 18 September 2011, a magnitude 6.9Mw earthquake struck Sikkim, killing at least 116 people in the state and in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Tibet. Sikkim is an Indian state bordering Nepal, Tibet, and Bhutan (Figure 1a). The documentary was commissioned by the Chogyal (King) of Sikkim at a time when he felt the sovereignty of Sikkim was under threat from both China and India. Sikkim Traditional Dresses 1. Higher education is available at a number of institutions, including the Sikkim Manipal University of Health, Medical and Technological Sciences (1995) in Gangtok, as well as smaller colleges offering degrees in law, engineering, teaching, religious studies, and other fields. It is bounded After one year of investigation, it was found that by Nepal in the West, Bhutan in the East, Tibet in the handloom and carpet weaving, thanka painting, North and West Bengal in the South. [106] In the second phase the line will be extended up to Gangtok. Internet cafés are well established in the district capitals, but broadband connectivity is not widely available. Momos – steamed dumplings filled with vegetables, beef or pork and served with soup – are a popular snack. Nearly 81 per cent of the area of Sikkim comes under the administration of its forest department. [83], Because of its hilly terrain and poor transport infrastructure, Sikkim lacks a large-scale industrial base. [151] Sikkim University is the only central university in Sikkim. It is one of the smallest states in India. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Buddhism is followed by 27.4% of the population, while Christianity is followed by 9.9%. [18] The Tibetan name for Sikkim is Drenjong (Wylie-transliteration: 'bras ljongs), which means "valley of rice",[19] while the Bhutias call it Beyul Demazong, which means '"the hidden valley of rice". Sikkim’s cultural life, though showing strong Tibetan influences, retains a character derived from the various tribes of Sikkim and their pre-Buddhist customs. In the last of these elections, two rival parties merged to form the Sikkim Congress, which swept the polls. As of 8 December, the total number of cases is 5131, including 371 active cases and 4619 have recovered and 117 deaths. A short summary of this paper. Professor and Head, Geography Department, University of Jammu, India. (2011) 607,688. Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state located in the Himalayan mountains. Other notable towns include Singtam, Rangpo, Jorethang, Naya Bazar, Mangan, Gyalshing, and Namchi. [31][63][64] However, the 2019 legislative assembly elections were won by the Sikkim Krantikari Morcha party and the chief minister since then is Prem Singh Tamang. Until the early 1970s, Sikkim had only cottage industries—producing handwoven textiles, carpets, and blankets—as well as traditional handicrafts, such as embroidery, scroll paintings, and wood carving. [2] Additional official languages include Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newari, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition in the state. [86] Power is also obtained from the National Thermal Power Corporation and Power Grid Corporation of India. As a result, state revenue has increased 14 times since the mid-1990s. Test your knowledge with this quiz. [20] According to folklore, after establishing Rabdentse as his new capital, Bhutia king Tensung Namgyal built a palace and asked his Limbu Queen to name it. [109] In 2011, the average per capita income in Sikkim stood at ₹ 81,159 (US$1,305).[116]. Sikkim was a Buddhist kingdom under the Namgyal-Chogyal dynasty from 1642 to 1975. In 1950, a treaty was made between India and also Sikkim in passion of Head of state Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1975, the Prime Minister of Sikkim appealed to the Indian Parliament for Sikkim to become a state of India. The state participates in national programs to control tuberculosis, blindness, and other diseases. Little is presently known about the music of Nepal, Bhutan, and. These produce, most notably, processed foods (including liquor), watches and watch jewels, and small electronics parts. The state also has deposits of other minerals, including coal, graphite, and limestone. According to legend, Khye Bumsa, a 14th-century prince from the Minyak House in Kham in eastern Tibet, received a divine revelation instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes. The snow line ranges from 6,100 metres (20,000 ft) in the south of the state to 4,900 metres (16,100 ft) in the north. There are two state-run polytechnic schools – the Advanced Technical Training Centre (ATTC) and the Centre for Computers and Communication Technology (CCCT) – which offer diploma courses in various branches of engineering. Its small size notwithstanding, Sikkim is of great political and strategic importance for India because of its location along several international boundaries. The government structure is organised into three branches: In 1975, after the abrogation of Sikkim's monarchy, the Indian National Congress gained a majority in the 1977 elections. Soreng, Yuksom, Gyalshing and Dentam are the subdivisions of the West district. [25] These streams combine into the major Teesta River and its tributary, the Rangeet, which flow through the state from north to south. Born on 25 December 1979 at Martam, near Rumtek in Sikkim, her foray into the realm of writing began in 1997 when she started scribbling poems and articles, which later got published in the North Eastern Weekend Review. Avyakta, Bilokan, the Journal of Hill Research, Khaber Khagaj, Panda, and the Sikkim Science Society Newsletter are among other registered publications.[142]. Sikkim (/ˈsɪkɪm/; Nepali: [ˈsikːim]) is a state in northeastern India. Nepali rock and Lepcha music are also popular. The state government maintains 1,857 kilometres (1,154 mi) of roadways that do not fall under the BRO's jurisdiction.[109]. India is said to have stationed 20,000–40,000 troops in a country of only 200,000 during the referendum. [112] In 2005, 73.2 per cent of Sikkim's households were reported to have access to safe drinking water,[109] and the state's large number of mountain streams assures a sufficient water supply. Subscribe to our channels on YouTube & Telegram. [12][13][14][15] It is also among India's most environmentally conscious states, having banned plastic water bottles "in any government functions and meetings" and polystyrene products (throughout the state). Nestling in the Himalayan mountains, the state of Sikkim is characterised by mountainous terrain. Ethnic Groups of South Asia and the Pacific: An Encyclopedia By James Minahan, 2012, indiatoday.in/amp/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/mini-sikkim-in-making-308081-2016-02-10, Kanchenjunga and Sikkim Press: How Media Started Its Practice in Sikkim, the third-smallest GDP among Indian states, Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests, Eastern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows, third-smallest GDP among India's 28 states, List of institutions of higher education in Sikkim, National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT), Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology, "2011 Census reference tables – total population", "50th Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India", "Sikkim claims India's first mixed-criteria UNESCO World Heritage Site", "Why is Sikkim's merger with India being questioned by China? In lower elevations are found juniper, pine, firs, cypresses and rhododendrons from the Eastern Himalayan subalpine conifer forests. It is one of the smallest states in India. The main service providers include Dish TV, Doordarshan and Nayuma. In this time, the place gets converted into delightful natural beauty. Sikkim has its religion incorporated with Bhutias. Additional official languages include Gurung, Limbu, Magar, Mukhia, Newar, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang for the purpose of preservation of culture and tradition in the state. ... An educational and controversial look into the Kingdom of Sikkim through the eyes of the greatest film maker from the Indian Sub-Continent, Satyajit Ray Online media covering Sikkim include the Nepali newspaper Himgiri, the English news portal Haalkhabar and the literary magazine Tistarangit. Because of the presence of the dense forests, the state of … In Gangtok, temperatures in January (the coldest month) drop into the low 30s F (about 0 °C); in August (the warmest month), temperatures may reach the low 80s F (about 28 °C). When the kingdom of Sikkim was established in 1642, Phuntsog Namgyal, the first chogyal (temporal and spiritual king), came from the Bhutia community. Of the approximately 1,438 butterfly species found in the Indian subcontinent, 695 have been recorded in Sikkim. [80], Sikkim's nominal state gross domestic product (GDP) was estimated at US$1.57 billion in 2014 constituting the third-smallest GDP among India's 28 states. Rhododendron is its state tree; about 40 species of Rhododendron bloom late April – mid May across the state. [54] The average temperature of the water in these hot springs is 50 °C (122 °F). Among the state's most notable hot springs are those at Phurchachu, Yumthang, Borang, Ralang, Taram-chu and Yumey Samdong. The Sikkim Herald is an official weekly publication of the government. It is serene and at the same time cleanest and safest place to be. The state has 28 mountain peaks, more than 80 glaciers,[52] 227 high-altitude lakes (including the Tsongmo, Gurudongmar and Khecheopalri Lakes), five major hot springs, and more than 100 rivers and streams. Himalaya Darpan, a Nepali daily published in Siliguri, is one of the leading Nepali daily newspapers in the region. Updates? Trade through the pass remains hampered by Sikkim's limited infrastructure and government restrictions in both India and China, though the volume of traded goods has been steadily increasing.[91][92]. However, it has a high population growth rate, averaging 12.36% per cent between 2001 and 2011. Tibet also acknowledged the special relationship of British India with the kingdom of Sikkim. [108], Sikkim's roads are maintained by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), an offshoot of the Indian Army. The Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is a unicameral elected body, with a portion of the seats allocated to the combined Lepcha and Bhutia populations. Primary and secondary education in Sikkim is offered free of charge through hundreds of government schools. In 1849, two British physicians, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker and Dr. Archibald Campbell, the latter being in charge of relations between the British and Sikkimese governments, ventured into the mountains of Sikkim unannounced and unauthorised. Sikkim is synonymous with sheer magic and wonder. Between 1717 and 1733, the kingdom faced many raids by the Nepalese in the west and Bhutanese in the east, culminating with the destruction of the capital Rabdentse by the Nepalese. [126] Other religious minorities include Muslims of Bihari ethnicity and Jains, who each account for roughly one percent of the population. Presence of different bird species. Sikkim is a beautiful land of manifold tribes and races of people living together. Sikkim became the 22nd state of India on May 16, 1975. In 1700, Sikkim was invaded by the Bhutanese with the help of the half-sister of the Chogyal, who had been denied the throne. A British political officer was subsequently appointed to assist the chogyal in the administration of Sikkim’s domestic and foreign affairs, in effect becoming the virtual ruler of the state. Elaichi, or cardamom, is the chief cash crop of Sikkim. The Chogyal of Sikkim became a titular ruler under the directive of the British governor as a result of the invasion. Facts About Sikkim – Sikkim is the 22nd state of India came into existence with effect from 26th April 1975. In 1890, Sikkim came to be English. Sikkim became the only state in the country at the time to have a co-state special status. In 1816 these territories were restored to Sikkim by the British in return for its support during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–16), but by 1817 Sikkim had become a de facto protectorate of Britain. Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states. Buddhist saint Padmasambhava (8th century) more popular as Guru Rinpoche was the first one to have mentioned Sikkim in his travelogue. Sikkim is one of the few states in India to receive regular snowfall. It was during this period that the largest migration of Nepalese to Sikkim began. Sikkim Tourism is best to visit in March to May or in October to the end of December. [51] About a third of the state is heavily forested. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Dwellings on the Himalayan slopes at Lachung, Sikkim, India. As of 2014, the Evangelical Presbyterian Church of Sikkim is the largest Christian denomination in Sikkim. Some two-thirds of Sikkim consists of perpetually snow-covered mountains, dominated by the Kanchenjunga massif. [150] The NIT Sikkim also has state of art super computing facility named PARAM Kanchenjunga which is said to be fastest among all 31 NITs. Sikkim is also close to India's Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh. Geography Area : 7110 km 2 Capital : Gangtok Height: 1,780 m (5,840 ft) above sea level Population: 6.10 Lakhs (= 610,000) Land type: Hilly from 180 m (~600 ft.) to over 8.690 m (28,509 ft) above sea level ", Indian Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, "Four New Strategies to Grow the Organic Agriculture Sector", "Sikkim becomes India's first organic state", "Ban on styrofoam products and on use of mineral water bottles in government functions and meetings in Sikkim", "How Sikkim became the cleanest state in India", "Welcome to Sikkim – General Information", Rose, Modernizing a Traditional Administrative System 1978, Duff, Sikkim: Requiem for a Himalayan Kingdom 2015, "Nehru accepted Tibet as a part of China: Rajnath", "China backs India's bid for U.N. Council seat", "Himalayan quake toll climbs to 116, 40 stranded foreign tourists rescued", "Earthquake toll over 80; India 68; as rescue teams reach quake epicentre", "First commission on study of glaciers launched by Sikkim", "Judge strengths in High Courts increased", "Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners", "Sikkim Assembly Elections 2019: All You Need to Know", "In Gangtok, Ganga Prasad takes oath as new Governor of Sikkim, replaces Shriniwas Patil", "Information of Foreign Tourist Interest", "Integrating ethnobiological knowledge into biodiversity conservation in the Eastern Himalayas", "Evaluating high-altitude Ramsar wetlands in the Sikkim Eastern Himalayas", "State Animals, Birds, Trees and Flowers of India", "Indian online gambling market set to open up", "India China border trade at Nathu La closed for this year", "Sikkim's Pakyong airport stuns before it flies", "Sikkim's first airport to be ready by 2014", "First commercial flight lands at Pakyong", "Patel word on speedy airport completion—Sikkim hopes for spurt in tourist inflow", "Finally, Sevoke-Rangpo railway link on track", Indian Railways new Sivok-Rangpo rail project: Travel from West Bengal to Sikkim in just 2 hours, Very soon, travelling to Sikkim by train will be a possibility, "Sikkim becomes first state to achieve 100 percent sanitation", "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India", "State-wise: Population, GSDP, Per Capita Income and Growth Rate", "Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011", "Census of India – Religious Composition", "C-1 Population By Religious Community – Sikkim", "Sleepy capital comes alive to beats of GenX", "In the process of Constitutional democracy, Sikkim has not lagged behind-Governor", "Hon'ble Governor of Sikkim inaugurated "PARAM Kanchenjunga" at NIT Sikkim". 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