It has been criticized by some in the Deaf community who are concerned that the device could threaten Deaf culture. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. The case for nonspeaking is outlined by the non-profit organization The Guild for Human Services. In general, there is no hyphen after inter, so interabled is the correct usage (not inter-abled). Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, cued speech is a building block that helps children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing better understand spoken languages. Its a series of hand signs and spots near the mouth used to differentiate between sounds that look the same as one is mouthing them. AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. Many illnesses, such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis, are life-long conditions. A minimally conscious state is one in which a patient has some awareness of self and/or the environment. Euthanasia should not be used to describe medically assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The AP also suggests using resources from www.reportingonsuicide.org. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. Melanin also plays a role in the development of optic nerves, so people with albinism have vision problems. NCDJ Recommendation: When writing about Tiffany Yus group, use Diversability as a proper name. With identity-first language, the disability is mentioned first. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with tetraplegia rather than tetraplegic, since this implies that the condition defines them. Tetraplegia is used interchangeably with quadriplegia.. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with cerebral palsy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. Some people prefer person with diabetes rather than a diabetic.. Nasal, raspy or strained voice. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer and take that into consideration. Background: The term has long been used to refer to difficulty telling the difference between colors, and it is used by the National Eye Institute and the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. AP style: PTSD is acceptable on either first or second reference but should be spelled out at least one time. NCDJ Recommendation: Colorblind is still generally acceptable, but in the interest of accuracy, consider indicating what kind of color-blindness a person has, such as red-green color-blindness. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. Slurred speech after a stroke is the most common Noisy environments make understanding even harder No matter where you find yourself, untreated hearing loss can make understanding speech difficult. Did you know that AP style: Not addressed except to state that homebound and housebound are one word with no hyphens. The word special in relationship to those with disabilities is now widely considered offensive because it euphemistically stigmatizes that which is different. Background: The Merck Manual ddefines vegetative state as the absence of responsiveness or consciousness in which patients show no awareness of their environment. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. Many people object to the use of the word to describe a physical condition because it is used in colloquial English as a synonym for weak, as in: Thats a lame excuse., The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines lamebrain as a dull-witted person.. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. 3. why is hearing impaired a slur. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. In those cases, attribute the term or note its historic use. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. However, advocates support the device for suitable candidates. AP style: The stylebook says birth defect is acceptable in broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. NCDJ Recommendation: The terms service animal, assistance animal and guide dog all are acceptable. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. NCDJ Recommendation: While it is acceptable to use the terms developmental disability and developmental disabilities, it is preferable to use the name of the specific disability whenever possible. Additionally, a person who does not use speech may be able to hear. AP style: Not addressed except in terms of abbreviation: AA is acceptable on second reference. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask your sources what term they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. AP style: The style book suggests naming the specific condition when possible rather than making a general reference. Avoid alcoholic, addict, user and abuser unless individuals prefer those terms for themselves or if they occur in quotations or names of organizations, such as Alcoholics Anonymous. Disability advocacy groups emphasize that it is important not to assume people are homebound if they are disabled. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. Background: High functioning and low-functioning are terms used to describe ability levels for people with a variety of conditions, including neurodiversity, intellectual disabilities and mental illness. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Plain English or Plain Language but confirm with the source that that is the correct terminology. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. A note about person-first language. Sometimes people with quadriplegia refer to themselves as quads. In these cases, use in quotes. Sometimes people with paraplegia refer to themselves as a para. In those cases, use the word in quotes. A developmental disability can include a long-term physical or cognitive/intellectual disability or both. WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. It might be Easy English. Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. But proceed with extra caution. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. Although involuntary cursing is commonly thought to be a key trait of the disorder, only a minority of those with Tourette syndrome exhibit this symptom. This hearing-impaired population may be even more isolated than the visually impaired community. Special thanks to Rebecca Monteleone, University of Toledo; Jon Henner, University of North Carolina at Greensboro; Sherri Collins, Arizona Commission for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; journalist Sara Luterman; Cronkite student Haley Tenore; the NCDJ advisory board and graduate assistants; and all the style guide readers who offered suggestions for this guide. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. The word dates to Old English, where it was related to words that meant to creep or bend over. According to the blog grammarphobia.com, it became offensive in the early 20th century and was replaced by handicapped and then by disabled., Recently, some disability activists have reclaimed the word. AP style: Not addressed, although AP does not use the abbreviation MD. Some people with autism prefer being referred to as autistic or an autistic person. Others object to using autistic as an adjective. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic.. Common symptoms across forms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty performing complex tasks, communication difficulties, personality changes and paranoia, according to the The device does not fully restore hearing, but it gives a representation of sounds to help a person understand speech. Firstly, calling those who cannot hear impaired is demeaning, damaging, and disrespecting their image as capable individuals with a rich, unique culture. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. NCDJ Recommendation: Since the term is not in widespread use, its meaning should be explained for a general audience; ask sources how they prefer to describe their relationships whenever possible. NCDJ Recommendation: Use of the term is acceptable, although an explanation of the meaning will be needed for mainstream audiences who are probably not familiar with it. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid these terms as they often are used inaccurately and can be offensive. For example: Eds: Graphic details of the killings could be offensive or disturbing to some readers.. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. Deaf and hard of hearing became the official terms recommended by the World Federation of the Deaf in 1991. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. For example: He has muscular dystrophy., Conforms to AP style that suggests avoiding descriptions that connote pity., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic, albinism typically refers to oculocutaneous (ok-u-low-ku-TAY-nee-us) albinism (OCA) a group of inherited disorders that results in little or no production of the pigment melanin. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Background: Some use the term survivor to affirm their recovery from or conquest of an adverse health condition. Instead, say the person has paraplegia. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. Another note this time about the language around COVID-19. Manifestations may include stuttering, articulation errors or an inability to move the tongue (commonly referred to as tongue-tied). For a long time, it simply meant slow. While these often are technological in nature, such as speech-generating devices, interactive touch screens or amplifiers to boost volume, they also may include drawing, gesturing, signing, finger spelling or picture books, among others. It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. However, avoid using such words to describe a person. The American Psychiatric Association discourages using derogatory language such as the term junkie to refer to someone who misuses drugs. It is the most common neural tube defect in the U.S. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Background: Amputation refers to the removal of a bodily extremity, usually during a surgical operation, for a variety of reasons, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.People who have undergone an amputation are commonly referred to as amputees, but the term may be offensive and often is not used correctly. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its derived from the Italian wordritardato, and the first definition of the adjective version is held back or in check; hindered, impeded; delayed, deferred.. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. For example, They found the election results depressing.. Certain communities, such as the Muscular Dystrophy community and the Spinal Muscular Atrophy community, have embraced the term, but others argue that interabled relationships are relationships just like any other and should not be marked as different. Use of sustain or receive removes the implied judgment. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Use quotes when officials or family members use a term such as a history of mental illness to refer to an individual, and when appropriate, indicate that the diagnosis has not been confirmed. The stylebook cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Specify the type of condition if it is known. Little People of America has a statement on the M word., The terms little people and little person refer to people of short stature and have come into common use since the founding of the Little People of America organization in 1957. Many people with chronic illnesses do not consider themselves disabled and thus may be offended by the term. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. Healthyplace.com has a good discussion of the differences. If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Difficulty with speech, including slurred Mayo Clinic. Healthyplace.com has Terminology for the disorder is varied. Use the term dwarf only when applied to a medical diagnosis or in a quote. Ear infections can do the same. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. National Center on Disability and Journalism, American Psychiatric Association discourages, National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, . Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. Congenital is not interchangeable with genetic, as a genetic condition is present from birth but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. Should someone who is blind be identified as such in a story about people who have been stranded while hiking and had to be rescued? In 2010, President Barack Obama signed a measure known as Rosas Law that replaced the term mental retardation with intellectual disability in many areas of government, including federal law. AP style: Included in its Disabled/Handicapped entry, the stylebook describes blind as a person with complete loss of sight and suggests using the terms visually impaired or person with low vision for those who have some sight. Background: Addiction is a treatable, chronic medical disease involving complex interactions among brain circuits, genetics, the environment, and an individuals life experiences. Background: The World Health Organization recommends avoiding language that sensationalizes or normalizes suicide or presents it as a solution to problems. Several U.S. disability groups have always used identity-first terms, specifically the culturally Deaf community and the autistic rights community. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. If the persons sight had nothing to do with the situation, leave it out. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. NCDJ Recommendation: Use person with chemical intolerance or people with environmental illness. Do not use chemophobic as it is considered derogatory. Keah Brown, a writer and disability activist who has cerebral palsy, tweeted in 2018: I just really cant stand the word cripple, so whenever I see it, I block it out. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. It is considered highly derogatory to describe someone with Down syndrome as being mongoloid.. Always refer to someone with a mental illness as a person first. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using hearing impaired or hearing impairment. For those with total hearing loss or who identity as a member of the Deaf community, deaf is acceptable. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with the disability how they would like to be described. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . Severity and symptoms vary widely. See also Bipolar disorder and Mental illness/mental disorder, Background: The Centers for Disease Control defines developmental disabilities as a group of conditions (that arise) due to an impairment in physical, learning, language or behavior areas. NCDJ Recommendation: Someone with an amputation is generally acceptable. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. Refer specifically to the physical changes. Addiction usually refers to a disease or disorder; dependence may, on the other hand, describe babies born to mothers who use drugs or cancer patients who take prescribed painkillers. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using handicap and handicapped when describing a person. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to someone with a disability as sick or to their disability as a sickness. If a person is receiving medical treatment, then the word patient is appropriate; however, it should be avoided outside of a medical context. I legit ignore every notification with the word in it.. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. This takes years of intensive practice and professional training., The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters, American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate, I Dont Have Autism, Im Autistic,, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center, Little People of America has a statement on the M word., International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication, some people still strongly support the method, This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. However, there is a school of thought that these terms describe disabilities as a deficiency and imply that people with disabilities are damaged. The plural of dwarf is dwarfs.. Ask individuals how they prefer to be described. Webwhy is hearing impaired a slur. It can be used with babies and older children. Stroke. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. According to the University of Kansas Research & Training Center on Independent Living, Non-disabled is the preferred term when the context calls for a comparison between people with and without disabilities. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. Background: Muscular dystrophy could refer to any of more than 30 genetic conditions characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles that control movement, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. WebDeafness is defined as "a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification." Alcoholism is characterized by a loss of control in alcohol use, according to the American Psychiatric Association. For example, a person may be able to describe having low central or peripheral vision. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use these words, particularly when reporting on mental illness, unless they are part of a quote that is essential to the story. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. When writing about it, specify that major disability organizations do not recognize facilitated communication as a valid communication technique. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. However, The National Association of the Deaf supports the identity-first approach. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but AP refers to paraplegia in its general disability entry. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Symptoms include restlessness, difficulty in focusing or staying organized and impulsivity. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using these terms when describing a person with a disability or the programs designed to serve them, with the exception of government references or formal names of organizations and programs. But what is relevant is not always clear. For us, this really emphasizes the fact that no two people are the same either with regard to disabilities or language preferences. Commit with suicide can imply a criminal act into the category of disabilities... 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