They found a sensitivity of .85 and specificity of .83, as well as the positive and negative predictive power listed above. No, Is the Subject Area "Cross-cultural studies" applicable to this article? (2004). The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSM-IV criteria for depression. Project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia@pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia@gmail.com. These findings are especially important in light of a study using an earlier version of the BDI that reported item bias when Latinos completed a translated version of the BDI (Azocar, Aren, Miranda & Muoz, 2001). In Dominican Republic the scientific research on depression is absent [55] which may negatively impact the development of cultural sensitive evidence-based interventions. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Dozois, D.J.A., Dobson, K.S., & Ahnberg, M.J.L. (2002). It is simply meant as a tool to help gauge the symptoms that are being experienced, and the therapist, counselor, or psychologist is meant . including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep . References. The Beck Anxiety Inventory or (BAI), is a self-report test that contains 21 multiple-choice questions (Likert scale from 0 to 3 in terms of how severe you perceive the symptom) and it is used to measure anxiety symptoms (severity and level) that an . Osman, A., Kopper, B.A., Guttierez, P.M., Barrios, F., & Bagge, C.L. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 451-460. Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., & Knudsen, K. (2004). Beck Depression Inventory (currently in its second edition as BDI-II) is a 21-item, self-rated inventory that evaluates the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Bifactor models, in contrast, allow to examine a non-hierarchical general factor independently of the specific factors and to simultaneously test the extent to which the common variance between items are explained by the orthogonal general factor and by the specific factors that are tested [32]. The BDI-II is based on the amended Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-A). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Measurement invariance is a prerequisite for considering the BDI equivalent across versions, and for using it to make valid . The Beck Depression Inventory Abimbola Farinde 1* 1. BDI-II assesses presence and intensity of mood symptoms. Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge (2004) studied the content validity of the BDI-II by having 10 experts rate the relevance and specificity of items for DSM-IV Major Depressive Disorders. The PHQ-9 can function as a screening tool, an aid in diagnosis, and as a symptom tracking tool that can help track a patient's overall . The 21-item BDI was built by Beck and colleagues in 1961 at the Center for Cognitive Therapy (Beck et al., 1961) for use in cognitive psychotherapy to rate the presence of depression-related cognitive distortion.The original version has received several reformulations to improve clinical and research needs. There is a short version of the BDI, the BDI-SF, which includes only the cognitive-affective subscale and has been recommended to assess depression in medical populations, with scores higher than 10 associated with moderate to severe depression. Yes (This is a sampling of the literature in this area. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is world-wide among the most used self-rating scales for measuring depression. 2013;35(4):416-431. doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2012-1048, Lee EH, Lee SJ, Hwang ST, Hong SH, Kim JH. No, Is the Subject Area "Dominican Republic" applicable to this article? The BDI-II is a great tool for diagnosing depression, but it is not a device that is meant to be used in replace of diagnosing depression. Since Mardias kurtosis multivariate coefficient was 338.70 thus indicating a significant deviation from multivariate normality according to benchmarks [47]the Asymptotic Distribution-Free method was used for model estimation. The BDI has also been found to be related to the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Survey and to a measure of alexithymia in a sample of Turkish adolescents (Sayar, Kose, Grabe, & Murat, 2005). 0 I am not particularly discouraged about the future. The Self-report study based on the symptoms described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [6], which makes measuring depressive severity possible. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written consent prior to complete the inventory and after information about purposes of the study were provided. Citation: Garca-Batista ZE, Guerra-Pea K, Cano-Vindel A, Herrera-Martnez SX, Medrano LA (2018) Validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in general and hospital population of Dominican Republic. The BDI has also been found to be sensitive to intervention effects in and randomized trials with individuals with diagnosed PTSD (e.g., Bryant, Moulds, Guthrie, & Nixon, 2005; Ehlers et al., 2005; Kubany et al., 2004). Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). They reported that BDI-II scores were negatively correlated to SES and acculturation and positively correlated with disease severity. To examine model fit,the chi-square value (2), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. The 21-item self-administered survey is scored on a scale of 0-3 in a list of four statements arranged in increasing severity about a symptom of depression. The mean age was 27.07 (SD = 11.18). There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. 3 I am so sad and unhappy that I can't stand it. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. Psychological Reports, 93(3), 1115-1129. 2015;27(1):68-81. doi:10.1037/pas0000026, Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. No, Is the Subject Area "Primary care" applicable to this article? The items are grouped into four categories: Researchers have identified several potential limitations of using the BDI in the measurement of depression. Encephale, 20, 311-317. (2005) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample. Convergent validity of the Beck Depression Inventory for Youth. If you are looking for a quick and easy way to take the Beck Depression Inventory or if you are a doctor looking to give it to your patients, there are a few versions available: It is important to note that the official BDI is copyrighted and available on Pearson's website. Learn more about accessibility at UWMadison. This can involve medical examinations and laboratory tests, as well as psychological assessments like the Beck Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Shankman et al., 2018). In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. On the other hand, values lower than .06 for the RMSEA are considered optimal and lower than .08 are considered acceptable. This version of the inventory consists of 21 items, in which four response options are presented on a scale of 0 to 3. The offers that appear in this table are from partnerships from which Verywell Mind receives compensation. Published 2020 Apr 20. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9. So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. Since the test construction in 1961, the test has been employed in numerous (more than 2,000) empirical studies. Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. The authors suggested that the measures assess different underlying aspects of the construct of depression, with the CES-D assessing more of an affective component and the BDI assessing more of a cognitive component. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . Based on previous BDI-II research findings, several competing models were tested including one, two, three-factor models and bifactor models. Earlier, most psychiatrists believed that the cause of depression was related to the Freudian . Nixon, R.D.V., Resick, P.A., & Nishith, P. (2004). Conceptualization, This population consisted of 67 females and 53 males with a mean age of 19.58 (SD=1.84) and was predominately Caucasian. Cognitions (such as guilt or feelings of being punished) Physical symptoms (such as fatigue, weight loss, and lack of interest in sex). Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(2), 334-340. Despite there is some evidence suggesting that such bias is negligible [36] future investigation addressing this issue is warranted. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Through principal factor analysis, they identified a single second-order dimension of self-reported depression and three first-order factors. The standard cut-offs are as follows: Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms. Numerous studies have established the reliability and validity of the BDI-II in different populations and cultures. The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. Scoring The Beck Depression Inventory. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. In contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models fitted well to the data. As an additional criterion, the value was divided by the degrees of freedom (/df), with the aim of obtaining values lower than 3 in order to consider the model a good fit [50,51]. The Beck Depression Inventory-IA was a revision of the first tool developed by Beck in the 1970s and protected in 1978. Yes Demyttenaere K, Jaspers L. Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of Self-Reported Measure. Differential item functioning in a Spanish translation of the Beck Depression Inventory. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), developed in 1996, was derived from the BDI. Please contact the author of the questionnaire for use permissions. Beck's Depression Inventory This depression inventory can be self-scored. In effect, higher averages are observed in the general BDI-II score (average = 16.91; standard deviation = 11.62; t (881) = 7.49; p<0.01), and in the cognitive dimensions (average = 5.02; standard deviation = 4.31; t (881) = 6.33; p<0.01), somatic (average = 8.24; standard deviation = 5.35; t (881) = 5.87; p<0.01), and affective (average = 3.65; standard deviation = 3.15; t (881) = 8.17; p<0.01), with a greater effect size on the Cohen's d values (d general = .80; d cognitive = .64; d somatic = .71; d affective = .82). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-rated scale that evaluates key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation, suicidal ideas, crying, irritability, social withdrawal, indecisiveness, body image change, work difficulty, insomnia, fatigability, loss of . 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